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University Of Toronto

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{{Infobox_University |image = |name = University of Toronto |motto = Velut arbor ævo
(As a tree with the passage of time) |established = 1827 |type = Public |chancellor = David Peterson |president = David Naylor |city = Toronto, Ontario|Toronto |state = Ontario, Canada|Ontario |country = Canada |undergrad = 47,012 full-time, 8,357 part-time (2003) |postgrad = 9,500 full-time, 2,428 part-time (2003) |staff= 8,000 |campus = Urban |mascot = True Blue |free_label = Sports teams |free = Varsity Blues |website= http://www.utoronto.ca |footnotes=Crest image © University of Toronto }} The University of Toronto' ('U of T), in Toronto, Ontario, is the largest Universities in Canada in Universities in Canada in Canada. U of T attracts students from across Canada, as well as a significant number of international students. Four Prime Minister of Canada|Prime Ministers, two Governor General of Canada|Governors General, and numerous internationally recognized academic and business leaders have graduated from the institution. It has the most Nobel Prize-winning graduates among Canadian universities.[http://www.newsandevents.utoronto.ca/facts.asp] The University of Toronto publishes more research than any other university in North America besides Harvard.[http://www.macleans.ca/universities/article.jsp?content=20051114_115061_115061]

History

The University was established on March 15, 1827, when King's College was granted its Royal Charter. The institution was founded by John Strachan, Anglican Church of Canada|Anglican bishop of Toronto, and the school was strongly Anglican, Upper Canada's established religion at the time. Most of the region's population was not Anglican, however, and when the colony was granted responsible government in 1848 the college was transformed into a nondenominational institution, and in 1849 was renamed the University of Toronto. The old King's College building, located on the current site of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario|provincial legislature, was closed and the new University College, University of Toronto|University College opened in 1853 as "The Provincial College," and was completed in 1858. In 1853, University College, University of Toronto|University College was founded, as a non-denominational teaching institution within the university. Several other Toronto-area religiously affiliated universities and colleges would incorporate with University of Toronto, becoming "federated" with it. Those federated universities are the Catholic University of St. Michael's College|St. Michael's, Methodist Victoria University in the University of Toronto|Victoria, and Anglican University of Trinity College|Trinity. Over the next decade the school grew both by building, and by federating with smaller universities. The area around Ontario had a network of denominational schools, but these smaller private schools found it difficult to compete. Thus, often with great reluctance, they decided to affiliate with the University of Toronto. Federation meant the colleges kept their autonomy, but their students had full access to U of T facilities. The Methodist Victoria University in the University of Toronto|Victoria University joined in 1892, the Anglican University of Trinity College|Trinity College in 1904, and the Catholic University of St. Michael's College|St. Michael's College in 1910. These federated colleges retain much of their independence. After the turbulent years of the Great Depression and the World Wars, in which many U of T students and faculty served, the school began to grow dramatically in the 1950s and 1960s due to the baby boom and the ever increasing rate of university attendance. During this period five new colleges were established: New College, University of Toronto|New College, Innis College and Woodsworth College were all created on the St. George campus, while 30 km to the west Erindale College was established in Mississauga, Ontario|Mississauga and the University of Toronto at Scarborough was established 30 km to the east in that suburb. The 1980s and 1990s saw a dramatic change in Canadian education as years of government budget cuts forced universities to turn increasingly to the private sector for donations and sponsorships. The University of Toronto, located in the heart of Canada's financial capital, and as the traditional feeder school for the city's commercial elite, was by far the most successful in this fundraising, rapidly collecting an endowment that today approaches $2 billion. The 1990s and 21st century have also seen expansion resume on all three campuses.

Academics

U of T has 75 PhD programmes, and 14 professional faculties. It attracts many scholars around the world and was ranked by The Scientist as the best place to work in academia outside the United States. Research InfoSource also ranks U of T as one of the top research universities in Canada Over the last two decades, its faculty members have received almost a quarter of all national awards although they represent just over seven percent of Canada's university professors.[http://www.utoronto.ca/aboutuoft/Quick_Facts.htm The great size of the university allows for a large variety of courses. Everything from Intermediate Sanskrit, to Computational Genomics, and Estonian Literature from 1700 can be taken at U of T. There are some programmes that are not offered by the university. One of the most prominent absences is of any journalism programme at the St. George Campus, in part because nearby Ryerson University has such a major journalism school. (The Scarborough Campus offers a joint programme with Centennial College). The size of the university also means that some classes are enormous. General introductory courses in psychology, sociology, and other subjects are taught in Convocation Hall with well over a thousand students at each lecture. According to the Academic Ranking of World Universities|academic ranking of world universities compiled at the Institute of Higher Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, University of Toronto has been ranked the world's 24th top university in the years of 2004 and 2005.[http://ed.sjtu.edu.cn/ranking.htm]. For twelve years in a row, U of T has been ranked the top medical-doctoral research university in Canada by Maclean's Magazine (in 2005, it was tied for first with McGill University). It is ranked 24th in the world in terms of best science and 20th in the world in terms of biomedicine (Higher times Supplement 2005). It was also ranked 29th overall in the world, (2nd in Canada) by the Times Higher World University Rankings|Times Higher Educational Supplement's 2005 World University Rankings.[http://www.thes.co.uk/worldrankings/] Among other accomplishments, affiliated researchers developed the first electronic heart pacemaker, artificial larynx, single-lung transplant, nerve transplant, artificial pancreas, chemical laser, G-suit, built the first practical transmission electron microscopy and extracted transmission electron microscopy and extracted insulin. The university's library system, based at the fourteen floor Robarts Library, is the largest in Canada. The 15 million holdings rank it fourth among North American university libraries after Harvard, Yale, and University of California, Berkeley|UC Berkeley.[http://www.provost.utoronto.ca/scripts/index_.asp?action=31&U_ID=0&N_ID=6&P_ID=9162] The university's endowment exceeds $1.5 billion, far larger than that of any other Canadian university. It has an operating budget of $1.1 billion, with $517 million in research and grant and contract support. The university has nearly 100 spin-off companies with over 3,000 employees and revenues of $821 million. The university itself is the 15th largest employer in the Greater Toronto Area.[http://www.news.utoronto.ca/facts.asp] U of T attracts many students from Ontario and the rest of Canada, and also has a significant number of international students (over 6,000 international students or about 9% of the student population).[http://www.news.utoronto.ca/facts.asp] Its student selectivity is generally high but consistent with the spirit of a public institution. Competition is very intense for entrance to its medicine, law, engineering, business, dentistry, and architecture programmes.

Student life

Despite the prevalence of a wide variety of student interest groups and related organisations (its 340 student clubs and organisations are probably more than any other Canadian university), U of T suffers from the same impersonal atmosphere as other large universities and rates low on surveys of student happiness. Most students live off-campus, and for many the U of T experience is limited solely to attending classes. This has resulted in a general lack of school spirit and the disconnection many of its students feel from the school and other students. Student government is headed by the [[Students' Administrative Council], and votes for student council generally gets a turnout of below 10%. The university is represented in Canadian Interuniversity Sport by the Toronto Varsity Blues. Today, they are not particularly successful, but have a long and storied history, such as winning the first ever Grey Cup. There are six main sports funded by the university: hockey, football, basketball, track and field, soccer, and swimming. The numerous other sports are funded through donations and fees paid by those participating. The school has two main newspapers. The Varsity (newspaper)|The Varsity and The Newspaper. Each college, faculty, and many other groups also publish newspapers. It has a radio station CIUT.

Student activism

The University has borne witness to much activism over the years. In 1895, University College students, allegedly led by William Lyon Mackenzie King boycotted classes for a week after the editor of the Varsity student newspaper was suspended for anti-administration articles. Although King is traditionally given credit for leadership of the strike, recent scholarship has suggested that his involvement has been overstated. The 1960s saw the creation of Rochdale College, a large high-rise residence where many students and staff lived, though it was "officially" not connected to the university. Rochdale was established as an alternative to what had been seen as the traditional, authoritarian, and paternalistic structures within universities. In the fall of 1969, after Pierre Trudeau decriminalized homosexuality, the first gay and lesbian group in Toronto or on any Canadian campus — the University of Toronto Homophile Association — was formed. Jearld Moldenhauer, a research assistant at the Faculty of Medicine, placed an advertisement in The Varsity, asking others to join in setting up an organization. While the first meeting drew a meager 16 people — 15 men and one woman — the group quickly established a significant profile within the community and the city at large. Two decades later, David Rayside, a professor of political science, would organize the Committee on Homophobia. Ten years after that, he would help introduce a sexual diversity studies programme at University College, University of Toronto|University College, to much success. Today, 35 years after the start of LGBTQ activism at U of T, the student queer community embodied in Lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals, Transgendered of the University of Toronto or simply known as LGBTOUT, is one of the most active LGTBQ activist and social groups. It organizes various events such as the famous Homohop held every month. LGBTOUT also organized the first LGBTQ student award (scholarship) honouring queer student activists and their efforts. LGBTOUT remains entirely student run and one of the most vocal and active student queer groups on the campus and the country.

Student groups

U of T has numerous prominent students groups. One of the most notable is the Hart House Debating Club, home to one of the top-ranked debating teams in the world, and champions at the 2006 World Universities Debating Championship.

Campuses

The University comprises three campuses. All three campuses are undergoing massive construction, with over 40 facilities recently completed, upgraded or in the works. These capital expansion projects are designed to increase study space as well as attract top-level talent. The study space requirement is in large part due to the cancellation of Ontario Academic Credit and predicted increases in enrolment.

St. George

The downtown, or St. George campus, includes four constituent undergraduate colleges, and three colleges from its three federated universities (federated universities were incorporated into the University; constituent colleges were created within the University). The campus is also home to several theological colleges associated with the Toronto School of Theology, as well as the University of Toronto Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering and Faculty of Arts and Science, U of T. The downtown campus has a rich architectural history, making it a popular attraction for visitors to the city, as well as a common location for shooting movies. It is bounded by Spadina Avenue to the west, Bloor Street to the north, Bay Street to the east, and College Street (Toronto)|College Street to the south. The campus is well-served by public transportation (Toronto Subway and RT|TTC), namely by the Spadina (TTC), Spadina (TTC), St. George (TTC)|St. George, Museum (TTC), and Museum (TTC), and Queen's Park (TTC)|Queen's Park subway stations. At the centre of the university is Queen's Park, the home of the Ontario Legislature. The Royal Ontario Museum and Royal Conservatory of Music (Toronto)|Royal Conservatory of Music are both also located within the university area.

Mississauga

Thirty kilometres (18 miles) west of the St. George campus is the University of Toronto at Mississauga (UTM; formerly Erindale College) in suburban Mississauga, Ontario|Mississauga. Set on the banks of the Credit River, UTM's 224 acre (0.9 km²) campus is decidedly modern. It is off Mississauga Road between Dundas Street, Toronto and Dundas Street, Toronto and Burnhamthorpe_Road_in the Erindale area. A shuttle bus connects the UTM and St. George campuses. UTM is currently undergoing massive construction, and will soon be the home of a new athletics facility, including a state-of-the-art pool. Also in the works at UTM is brand new library called the Hazel McCallion Academic Learning Centre, set to open its doors in June of 2006. Recently decided, UTM will be home to a new Academy of Medicine, with a close affiliation to the Trillium Health Centre and the Credit Valley Hospital. In the summer of 2007, UTM will open a brand new residence building. UTM is the pre-season home of the Toronto Argonauts.

Scarborough

At the other end of the Greater Toronto Area is the University of Toronto at Scarborough (UTSC; formerly Scarborough College), approximately 30 kilometres east of the downtown campus. The 300 acre (1.2 km²) campus is on Highland Creek in the Scarborough, Ontario|Scarborough area of eastern Toronto, on Military Trail, near Highway 401 and Morningside Avenue. Scarborough campus is the home for the majority of U of T's co-op programmes, most notably in management and computer science. It too is undergoing a large construction project, adding a new library, residence, student centre, management building and arts building. In the near future, they will also be adding a new science wing.

The College System

Every arts and science student on the St. George Campus is a member of one of the seven arts and sciences colleges which act, ideally, as a smaller-scale intellectual and social community for its members. In practice, they are mostly residential and administrative in nature. The university administers almost all courses, and what courses one may take are independent of one's college. While U of T's college system was originally based on the college system at Oxford University, U of T's colleges are not as autonomous, nor do they bear as much of an instructional responsibility to their students. However, first-year seminars and academic programmes are offered by all colleges. Colleges have differences in character and resources. Trinity and Innis are both quite small, and thus more selective. St. Michael's remains solidly Catholic, and to a lesser degree Trinity is quite Anglican. Victoria College is the wealthiest of the federated colleges, and thus has more scholarships and better facilities. Each college is home to certain academic departments, and thus also sometimes attract such students. Trinity is home to the Munk Centre for International Studies, University College is home to the Trudeau Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies and the Centre for Sexual Diversity, while the Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies is associated with St. Michael's. In addition to the arts and sciences colleges, there are also four theological colleges and a graduate college affiliated with the university. The theological colleges form part of the Toronto School of Theology.

List of Colleges

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!Name!!Established!!Federated!!Constituent/Federated!!Type!!Religious affiliation!!Website |- |Emmanuel College, University of Toronto|Emmanuel College||1928||||Constituent of Victoria University in the University of Toronto|Victoria University||Theological||United Church of Canada|United Church||[http://www.vicu.utoronto.ca/English/Emmanuel-College.html Website] |- |Innis College||1964||||Constituent||Arts and sciences||Non-denominational||[http://www.utoronto.ca/innis/ Website] |- |Knox College, University of Toronto|Knox College||Presbyterian Church in Canada|Presbyterian.html" title="1858||||Constituent||Theological (|1858.html" title="Presbyterian Church in Canada|Presbyterian)">1858">Presbyterian Church in Canada|Presbyterian)">1858||||Constituent||Theological||[http://www.utoronto.ca/knox/ Website] |- |Massey College||1963||||Constituent||Graduate||Non-denominational||[http://www.utoronto.ca/massey/ Website] |- |New College, University of Toronto|New College||1962||||Constituent||Arts and sciences||Non-denominational||[http://www.newcollege.utoronto.ca/ Website] |- |Regis College, University of Toronto|Regis College||Jesuit.html" title="1930||||Constituent||Theological (|1930.html" title="Jesuit)">1930">Jesuit)">1930||||Constituent||Theological||[http://www.regiscollege.ca/ Website] |- |University of St. Michael's College|St. Michael's College||Catholic Church in Canada|Roman Catholic.html" title="1852||1910||Federated (|Arts and sciences/theological||1852.html" title="Catholic Church in Canada|Roman Catholic)">1852">Catholic Church in Canada|Roman Catholic)">1852||1910||Federated||[http://www.utoronto.ca/stmikes/ Website] |- |University of Trinity College|Trinity College||Anglican Church of Canada|Anglican.html" title="1851||1904||Federated (|Arts and sciences/theological||1851.html" title="Anglican Church of Canada|Anglican)">1851">Anglican Church of Canada|Anglican)">1851||1904||Federated||[http://www.trinity.utoronto.ca Website] |- |Victoria University in the University of Toronto|Victoria College||1836||1892||Federated||Arts and sciences||Non-denominational||[http://www.vicu.utoronto.ca Website] |- |University College, University of Toronto|University College||1853||||Constituent||Arts and sciences||Non-denominational||[http://www.utoronto.ca/uc/ Website] |- |Woodsworth College||1974||||Constituent||Arts and sciences||Non-denominational||[http://www.wdw.utoronto.ca/ Website] |- |Wycliffe College||Anglican Church of Canada|Anglican.html" title="1877||||Constituent||Theological (|1877.html" title="Anglican Church of Canada|Anglican)">1877">Anglican Church of Canada|Anglican)">1877||||Constituent||Theological||[http://www.wycliffecollege.ca/ Website] |}

Faculties

The university is also divided into a series of faculties. These faculties are directly administered by the university with varying degrees of autonomy. Some are undergraduate, but many are only open to graduate students, though these often cooperate with the Faculty of Arts and Science to offer undergraduate programmes. Undergraduate professional faculty students (profacs) live in the residences of the Arts and Science colleges. The faculties are:

- University of Toronto Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering|Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering

- Faculty of Architecture, Landscape and Design, U of T|Faculty of Architecture, Landscape and Design

- Faculty of Arts and Science, U of T|Faculty of Arts and Science

- Faculty of Dentistry, U of T|Faculty of Dentistry

- Faculty of Forestry

- School of Graduate Studies, U of T|School of Graduate Studies

- Faculty of Information Studies, U of T|Faculty of Information Studies

- University of Toronto Faculty of Law|Faculty of Law

- Faculty of Medicine, U of T|Faculty of Medicine

- Faculty of Music, U of T|Faculty of Music

- Faculty of Nursing, U of T|Faculty of Nursing

- Ontario Institute for Studies in Education (Ontario Institute for Studies in Education|OISE)